توحيد مصر

مقالة بعنوان /
توحيد مصر

بقلم / محمد عبد الرازق محمود عطية

حاصل على ليسانس الآداب
جامعة عين شمس – قسم الحضارة الأوربية

The unification of Ancient Egypt

Every one know well that the king Mena Naarmer who made unification for the two kingdoms of Egypt , North kingdom and South kingdom . But we have here an important question: Is king Naarmer who first Egyptian king make unification for all of Egypt ? Or an Egyptian king made this unification before him? For answering this question we must see the monuments which belong to the age of Naarmer and of the kings who came before him.

Before the age of naarmer we had discovered types of civilization are called Naqada I , Naqada II , Naqada III .

The civilization which has our interest is Naqada III , why ?

Because this civilization has monuments which demonstrate some tries for making unification for all Egypt . What is these monuments? This is which we will talking about in following pages.










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What is the monuments of NaqadaIII?

In the period of Naqada III we have some monuments which demonstrate tries to make unification for all Egypt ( the two kingdoms "North kingdom and south kingdom") . These monuments belong to one of the kings who tried to make unification for Egypt before the king Naarmer directly . This king called "Scorpion king".

Who is Scorpion king?

Scorpion king is one of famous kings who arised in the period of Naqada III , but we do not know a lot of his age because no written texts had found from his age . The writing seems not discovered at that period , but the kings before discovering of writing was tried to record the history of them by drawing themselves and works which made by them on palettes . From these palettes we knew some of history of these kings, and we found two monuments for the "Scorpion king" demonstrate he tried to make unification for Egypt. First monument is head of mace belong to the age of "Scorpion king". In this head we see a picture for king when he stand and beside him pictures for a dead birds may be symbols for lybian people who he conquered them and picture for him when he celebrates for an agricultural fest . This picture prove


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that the Scorpion king had fought in west delta although he was from upper Egypt because he put the
white crown of South kingdom on his head in this monument . This monument demonstrates the Scorpion king had made the unification of Egypt then worked for making economical works but this unification had broken , so the king naarmer had made this unification again .

Second monument for this king is palette of Libyan "Libyan palette". This palette have two faces , first second face have picture for some of animals destroy castles by axes . These animals represent kings and we find the scorpion among them, so this is another prove for the Scorpion king had made unification for Egypt before king Naarmer.

After this king we see king Naarmer made the unification again and we know that , of course from his palette "Naarmer palette" . In this palette we see two pictures prove that king Naarmer had made unification for Egypt. This palette have two faces like "Libyan palette" , in one of these faces we see Naarmer capture a man from North kingdom and beat him. This prove that king Naarmer had made unification for Egypt again after Scorpion king .





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Libyan palette (Egyptian museum)







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From these words and monuments above , we conclude that king Naarmer was never first king make unification for all Egypt , but we saw another kings tried to make unification before him such as the Scorpion king who had monuments which proved that he already had made unification for all Egypt in one country but this unification had broken and we do not know any reason for that , so king Naarmer had made this unification again and made first dynasty of ancient Egyptian kings , thus the history of ancient Egypt begin with him .